Developed in Collaboration With the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Andrew E. Epstein, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS, Chair*; John P. DiMarco, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS*; Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS*; N. A. Mark Estes, III, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; Roger A. Freedman, MD, FACC, FHRS*; Leonard S. Gettes, MD, FACC, FAHA; A. Marc Gillinov, MD, FACC, FAHA*†; Gabriel Gregoratos, MD, FACC, FAHA; Stephen C. Hammill, MD, FACC, FHRS; David L. Hayes, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS*; Mark A. Hlatky, MD, FACC, FAHA; L. Kristin Newby, MD, FACC, FAHA; Richard L. Page, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; Mark H. Schoenfeld, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; Michael J. Silka, MD, FACC; Lynne Warner Stevenson, MD, FACC, FAHA‡; Michael O. Sweeney, MD, FACC*